Economic Performance and Policies Implications

Question: Discuss about the Economic Performance and Policies Implications. Answer: Introduction: Today, Russia is at the forefront of FDI growth. For years now, FDIs have been a significant source of foreign capital and funds for the Russian economy. Since 2013, Russia has been a lucrative investment destination that attracts investors from all over the world. During this year, the country was ranked at position six, as the most attractive destination for FDI (Overview 2016). Additionally, the hospitality industry is fast-growing. Particularly, the travel and tourism industry continue to see substantial growth. As a result, investors are focusing more on Russias hospitality industry. The Economic Environment in Russia The Russian economy is dynamic fast growing. Primarily, this is because the countrys strong scientific background provides excellent opportunities for research and development partnerships. There is also a large consumer market in the country. As such, Russia is capable of providing a vibrant internal market for foreign companies, thereby assuring attractive growth potential for firms. What is more, investment in the Russian economy is strongly supported by the federal and regional governments through initiatives such as the Foreign Investment Advisory Council. Also, the country has an attractive taxation system. Currently, the personal income tax is 13 percent. On the other hand, the corporate tax rate is 20 percent while the sales tax is 18 percent. In addition, there is an attractive non-offshore tax regime that aims at enhancing the level of investment in the country. Regardless, the Russian economy is associated with high costs of investments. This is As such, the cost of materializing FDI in the country is higher than the world average. Furthermore, there are low credit ratings in the country amidst high risks. Additionally, the economy is associated with low rates of return. As a result, this discourages investors from injecting their funds into the country for fear of low profitability. Political Environment As at now, the country boasts a politically stable system with long periods of prudent social and political policies. However, doing business in the country is subject to political, administrative and legislative issues (Tarr Volchkova 2010). Particularly, the regulations are burdensome as the system is associated with hefty bureaucratic obstacles and inconsistent enforcement of regulations. In addition, the level of corruption in the country is too high (Nichol 2014). Furthermore, there are deficiencies in the legislative environment. In turn, this limits the countrys potential for FDI (Tarr Volchkova 2010). Recommendations The Russian government should strive to reduce administrative barriers in the country. Mainly, this can be achieved through minimizing bureaucracies and increasing the levels of transparency of business regulations (Investment 2010). Additionally, effective policies should be instigated to curb the high corruption rates in the country to attract foreign investments (FDI Policy 2010). The federal authority should also work out a plan to reduce the high costs associated with investing in the country. Furthermore, it should implement an effective cooperation mechanism between local and foreign firms in order to reap the benefits of FDI in the country. Reference List Cooper, W 2009, Russias Economic Performance and Policies and Their Implications for the United States, Congressional Research Service, retrieved 13 January 2017, https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL34512.pdf Economy Freedom, 2016, Russia, retrieved 13 January 2017, https://www.heritage.org/index/country/russia Economy Watch, 2010, Foreign Direct Investment Policy, retrieved 13 January 2017, https://www.economywatch.com/policywatch/fdi-policy.htm Global Trade, 2010, Investment Climate in Russia, retrieved 13 January 2017, https://www.globaltrade.net/f/business/text/Russia/Investing-Investment-Climate-in-Russia.html Nichol, J 2014, Russian Political, Economic, and Security Issues and U.S. Interests, Congressional Research Service, retrieved 13 January 2017, https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33407.pdf Tarr, D, Volchkova, N 2010, Russian Trade and Foreign Direct Investment Policy at the Crossroads, The World Bank Development Research Group, retrieved 13 January 2017, https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33407.pdf Trading Economics, 2017, Russia Foreign Direct Investment - Net Flows, retrieved 13 January 2017, Russia Foreign Direct Investment - Net Flows World Bank, 2017, Overview-Russia, retrieved 13 January 2017, https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/russia/overview

When China Ruled The Sea Essays - Treasure Voyages, Encyclopedists

When China Ruled The Sea Book Review For When China Ruled The Seas Introduction When China Ruled The Seas, is a book that provides the reader with many historical facts and ideas about China from as early as The Yi People, in 4,000 B.C., to a temple to Zheng He, that was built in 1795. Although the novel has many points in history, one would agree that it mostly concentrated on the events around the 14th century, to the late 15th century. It is obvious to the reader that China became a world power house due to their trading abilities not amongst themselves, but amongst other empires across the seas. It was definitely not easy for the Chinese to form a powerful trading empire like they did, simply because of the fact that the change in emperors also caused many changes in ideas and theory. A couple of emperors that believed in Confuciuss philosophies of isolation messed up the strong Chinese trading structure that emperors such as Zhu Di built up. Some may even say due to those emperors that disagreed with benefits of trade, China began to look a bit weak, and le ss prestigious than what it should have been, which caused Europe to rise to dominance. The book also helps us put together the fact that China was really the most powerful empire much before any European empire which really is important for one to understand. Overall China had an extremely powerful trading empire and they raised the bar for future empires to come. Discussion Before we can understand how China became less prestigious from lack of trade, Levathes in the first few chapters explains to us how China became a world strength through trade. The book starts off with explaining to us how early Chinese seafarers were really advanced in their forms of traveling. The book states that, The seamanship of the early southeast Asians was so remarkable that they were able to cross the six-thousand-mile expanse of the Indian Ocean to settle Madagascar off the East African coast. (Levathes 25) Later on the same page Levathes, states that they also, crossed the Pacific, landing in Central and South America. It is extremely important that as readers we understand that Asia has sailed all over the world far before any Europeans. It is also important that we get that this is one huge leap in globalization for China. Zhu Yuanzhang was the first Emperor of the Ming Dynasty, he ruled until his death in 1398. After his death his grandson Zhu Yunwen, took the crown. Zhu Yuanzhang had 26 sons, but he left behind rules that didnt allow any of his sons to take the crown, so his grandson took the throne. This didnt sit well with Zhu Di, (a son of Zhu Yuanzhang) so as a result Zuh Di, when given the chance took arms against Zhu Yunwen and led the rebellion to take the throne that he believed was rightfully his. Zhu Di taking the crown turned out to be good news for China because Zhu Di was all about trade. One year after he took the throne, he began working on making trade-ships, warships and many other vessels, he wanted to raise the bar for trading in China, because it was drained for resources due to the long civil war (Levathes 74). Zhu Di put together the Treasure Fleet, this was extremely big for the Chinese in many ways and was the start of China becoming a world power house through trade. It also was another big leap towards globalization. One may find it extremely impressive how the Chinese built these ships in the treasure fleet. On page 77 of Levathes When China Ruled The Seas. Levathes touches on the topic of how they would build the bulkheads on the ship and how theyd take their time making sure it was stronger than a rock. This idea of how the Chinese were putting together a fleet of treasure ships may help one to understand that they werent to be taken lightly. They understood the needed resources, specifically from foreign land. To help one understand how serious the Chinese were about building their trading ships I would like to use some

Relationship between Sleep and Depression in Adolescence

Abstract Recent studies suggest a decreasing duration of sleep in different parts of the world. In fact, the number of sleep hours per person has increased since 1960s, with people concentrating on work and reducing the amount of time they spend sleeping. While this pattern has improved household and national economies, it has been associated with health problems.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Relationship between Sleep and Depression in Adolescence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Mental and emotional depression, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, coronary diseases and other health issues have been linked with lack of enough sleep. In adolescents, sleep is needed for proper brain maturation. However, adolescents, especially in school years, do not get enough sleep. As such, it has been linked to emotional and mental depression. The aim of this research was to determine the relationship between depression and sle ep. With quantitative approach, the study used 98 students as participants. They were asked to provide answers to questions in Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Center for Epidemiology Depression Scale (CES-D) questionnaires. Using SPSS for data analysis, the results indicate the presence of a correlation between elements of depression and sleep duration and quality. Introduction Background In psychological view, depression is the prolonged feeling of hopelessness and sadness, prolonged condition of impaired thinking, biased processing of memory, unpleasant dreams and distortion of self-appraisals (Turek, 2005). For sometime, research has indicated the existence of a strong link between sleep and depression in humans(Cappuccio, Cooper, D’Ella, Strazzulo Miller, 2011). For instance, when individuals get depression, they tend to sleep too much or too little. In most cases, lack of sleep has strongly been linked with depression (Gangwisch, Babiss, Malaspina, Turner, et a l., 2010). Review of literature According to Matricciani, Olds and Petkov (2012), depression is a serious psychological disorder that affects millions of people throughout the world. In particular, depression is common in adolescents and young adults. According to Patel and Hu (2008), adolescents who suffer from depression are known to have abnormal sleeping patterns, with the largest number reporting to stay awake over long time.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Existing research indicate that sleep is an essential requirement for brain growth and maturation during childhood and adolescents. According to Dahl and Lewin (2002), the increased rate of brain maturation during adolescent years requires adequate sleep per day. According to Wolfson and Carskadon (2008), the average sleep duration varies between individuals in adolescents and those in late childhood, but the optimal sleep ti me in both groups is about 8 to 10 hours (Feinberg Campbell, 2010). Despite this, studies have increasingly shown that adolescents do not get enough sleep per day, especially during their school years (Warner, Murray Meyer, 2008). In a 2006 report, the National Sleep Foundation reports that less than 20% of adolescents get the physiologically required sleep time (about 9 hours) (Gradisar, Gardner Dohnt, 2011). In addition, the report shows that more than half of adolescents indicated that they usually slept for less than 8 hours per night during their school days (Matricciani, Blunden, Rigney, Williams Olds, 2013). According to Blixter (2009), some complex and multifactorial mechanisms drive and control sleep cycle in humans. Blixter (2009) argues that the subjective duration of sleep in humans has declined over the last 5 decades, with the modern society suffering from a widespread suboptimal sleep duration and poor quality of sleep (Hagenauer, Perryman, Lee Carskadon, 2009). However, Mattricciani, Olds and Petkov (2012) have argued that the decline in sleep duration started more than 100 years ago, predisposing children and adolescents to a number of psychological problems. Whichever the case, it is a fact that there has been an increase in the rate of reduction in sleep duration since the industrial revolution (Bin, Marshall Glozier, 2012). Accordingly, there is an urgent need to study and understand the complex mechanisms involved in sleep regulation and sleep duration in order to develop a better way of identifying individuals at high risk of developing depression (Van Dongen, Maislin, Mullington Dinges, 2003). Although psychological studies have shown that adolescents are able to compensate for sleep loss during the school week on weekends, the findings are not satisfactory to imply that adolescents in the modern world do not suffer from depression caused by lack of sleep (Sun Bin, Marshall Glozier, 2012).Advertising We will write a custom e ssay sample on Relationship between Sleep and Depression in Adolescence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Study problem Depression in adolescents has been linked to sleep deprivation and insomnia (O’Brien Mindell, 2005). In addition, studies have suggested that depression leads to reduced duration of sleep and irregular schedules for sleeping (Kripke, Garfinkel, Wingard, Klauber Marler, 2002). In turn, sleep loss has been shown to cause depression among the adolescents (Feinberg, 2013). This is a clear indication of a sophisticated nature of the relationship between lack of sleep and depression (Carskadon Acebo, 2002). This nature has created a problem in research than needs further investigation. Purpose The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between sleep (and lack of sleep) and depression in adolescents. Aims To describe the link between sleep and depression in humans To describe how lack of sleep and insomnia in adolescents lead to depression Hypothesis This study hypothesizes that a strong link between depression and sleep exists in humans, where adolescents with insomnia and reduced sleeping durations are likely to suffer from depression. Methods Study design This study was a quantitative study that sought to describe the relationship between sleep and depression in adolescents. Participants were drawn from students in a college, whose ages ranged between 19 and 25 years. This means that the study focused on sleep deprivation and depression among late adolescents and early adults. Participants Some 98 subjects were recruited for the study- 28 subjects (28.6%) were males and the rest 70 (71.4%) were females. To be included in the study, a subject was a student in the selected college and be aged between 18 and 25 years. In addition, a person was not supposed to have a history of mental problems. Finally, subjects were supposed to belong to either of the two genders (male, M, or female, F), which means that transgendered (TG) individuals were excluded from the study.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Materials and apparatus Data collection was done with questionnaires All the 64 participants were asked to finish two sets of standard questionnaires- the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Center for Epidemiology Depression Scale (CES-D). Procedure The data collection was done in two weeks, after which the data analysis begun. With PSQI, each participant was asked to provide honest information regarding his or her sleep behaviour. The purpose was to gain information on an individual’s average sleep time, possible sleeping problems and possible effects of sleep deprivation on work, study and leisure (Babson, Trainor, Feldner Blumenthal, 2010). With CES-D, participants were asked to provide information concerning their feelings towards certain things during the day as a way of describing the presence (and degree) of depression in individuals (Jackson, Stough, Howard, Spong, et al., 2011). Data analysis Data analysis was done with specific statistical tools- SPSS and lab data. With these tools, the aim is to develop the relationship between sleep and depression in the subjects (Szklo-Coxe, Peppard, Finn et al., 2010). Graphs and correctional charts were developed using SPSS tool to describe the relationship. In this case, the study depended on Person Correlation Scale to determine the association between sleep duration and depression in the subjects. Standard deviation, mean and range values are essential in describing the statistical aspects of sleep duration in PSQI data. The analyzed data was done within the statistical limits provided along with the statistical tools used. As such, the researcher expected any error associated with the capacity of the two statistical tools to affect the data outcomes. Results With SPSS, a number of statistical evidence was indicated to support the existence of a relationship between sleep duration and depressed moods in the subjects. First, the validity of the returned questionnaires was excellent, with the SPSS results indicating a 100.0 per cent rate of validity. This means that all the 98 participants were able to return a complete set of duly filled in questionnaires. Secondly, the SPSS analysis of depression in the participants using PANAS questionnaires indicated that the mean of the number of participants reporting Positive Affect was 33.34 and a standard deviation of 5.740. On the other hand, a mean of 20.70 of the total number of participants (N=98) reported a Negative Affect. Sleep duration reported by all the participants ranged between 5 and 12 hours and had a mean of 7.633 and a standard deviation of 1.1500. In addition, SPSS returned a mean value of.88 and a standard deviation of.763 for SLPQUAL. The total PSQI had a mean of 6.29 and a standard deviation of 2.528. SPSS Output Descriptive Statistics N Range Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Age 98 29 19 48 22.08 4.181 Positive Affect 98 29 19 48 33.34 5.740 Negative Affect 98 27 10 37 20.70 6.196 DURAT 98 7 .0 5.0 12.0 7.633 1.1500 SLPQUAL 98 3 0 3 .88 .763 TotPSQI 98 14 1 15 6.29 2.528 Valid N (listwise) 98 Figure 1: SPSS output showing the range, mean and standard deviation of various aspects of sleep and depression The study also sought to determine the relationship between depressions and sleep duration in both genders. In addition, it was necessary to determine a comparison of the two genders in terms of the relationship between the two variables. In this case, the SPSS results indicated that female participants had a mean range of 22.07 and a standard deviation of 4.305. On the other hand, male participants had a mean value of 22.11 and a standard deviation of 3.928. Gender Statistic Std. Error Age 1 Mean 22.07 .515 Std. Deviation 4.305 Minimum 19 Maximum 48 2 Mean 22.11 .742 Std. Deviation 3.928 Minimum 19 Maximum 36 Figure 2: SPSS output table showing descriptive per gender the correlation of sleep duration and aspects of depression were considered with Pearson correlation toll using SPSS. For instance, the correlation between Negative Affect and Duration (sleep) returned a 2-tailed degree of significance of.948 and a Pearson correlation value of -.007 for the 98 participants. Similarly, the correlation between Negative Affect and SLPQUAL returned a 2-tailed value for degree of significance of.365 and a Pearson correlation value of 0.93. Correlations Negative Affect DURAT Negative Affect Pearson Correlation 1 -.007 Sig. (2-tailed) .948 N 98 98 DURAT Pearson Correlation -.007 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .948 N 98 98 Figure 3: Correlation between Negative Affect and sleep Duration Correlations Negative Affect SLPQUAL Negative Affect Pearson Correlation 1 .093 Sig. (2-tailed) .365 N 98 98 SLPQUAL Pearson Correlation .093 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .365 N 98 98 Figure 4: correlation between Negative Affect and Sleep quality Correlations Negative Affect TotPSQI Negative Affect Pea rson Correlation 1 .207* Sig. (2-tailed) .040 N 98 98 TotPSQI Pearson Correlation .207* 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .040 N 98 98 *. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). Figure 5: correlation between Negative Affect and Total PSQI Conclusion To derive an analysis and conclusion from the data results, it is necessary to determine the statistical facts of the SPSS tool that was used in the study. First, for a correlation to be perfect positive, the Pearson’s r must be positive and vice versa. In addition, Pearson’s r is symmetric, meaning that the correlation between â€Å"a† and â€Å"b† is equal to the correlation between â€Å"b† and â€Å"a†. Thirdly, the correlation is a bivariate correlation coefficient, which assumes that the relationship between the two variables is always linear. With this in mind, it is possible to evaluate the relationship between various aspects of sleep with aspects of depression as used in this research. First, the relationship between Negative Affect and sleep Duration is negative, which means that the longer the duration of sleep, the lower the possibility of giving a negative feeling of an issue. Secondly, the Pearson correlation between Negative Affect and sleep quality is positive, which gives a positive relationship between the two variables. The relationship between Positive Affect and sleep duration is positive, which implies that the longer the duration of sleep time, the larger the possibility of having a positive attitude towards some issue. The relationship between â€Å"Sleep Qual† and positive Affect is negative, which is the opposite of the relationship between â€Å"Sleep Qual† and Negative Affect. From the results, it is clear that there exists a relationship between sleep duration and depression. For instance, the probability of reporting a positive attitude towards an issue increases with an increase in the duration of time of sleep . On the other hand, the probability of a student giving a negative attitude towards a given issue increases with the decreased in the duration of sleep time. Therefore, we conclude that decrease in the duration of time spent on sleep increases the rate of depression in adolescents and early adults. These results studies have suggested that depression leads to reduced duration of sleep and irregular schedules for sleeping. Therefore, the study confirms the hypothesis that that a strong link between depression and sleep exists in humans, where adolescents with insomnia and reduced sleeping durations are likely to suffer from depression. References Babson, K. A., Trainor, C. D., Feldner, M. T., Blumenthal, H. (2010). A test of the effects of acute sleep deprivation on general and specific self-reported anxiety and depressive symptom: an experimental extension. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 41(3), 297-303. Blixter, E. (2009). Sleep and society: an epidemiolo gical perspective. Sleep Medicine, 10, S3-6. Cappuccio, FP, Cooper, D., D’Elia, L., Strazzullo, P., Miller, M. A. (2011). Sleep duration predicts cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. European Heart Journal, 32(12), 1484-1492. Carskadon, M. A., Acebo, C. (2002). Regulation of sleepiness in adolescents: update, insights, and speculation. Sleep, 25(6), 606-614. Dahl, R. E., Lewin, D. S. (2002). Pathways to adolescent health: sleep regulation and behavior. J Adolesc Health, 31(3), 175–184. Feinberg, I. (2013). Recommended sleep durations for children and adolescents: the dearth of empirical evidence. Sleep, 36(4), 461-462. Feinberg, I., Campbell, I. G. (2010). Sleep EEG changes during adolescence: an index of a fundamental brain reorganization. Brain and Cognition, 72(1), 56-65. Gangwisch, J. E., Babiss, L.A., Malaspina, D., Turner, J.B., Zammit, G. K. Posner, K. (2010). Earlier parental set bedtimes as a protective fa ctor against depression and suicidal ideation. Sleep, 33(1), 97-106. Gradisar, M., Gardner, G., Dohnt, H. (2011). Recent worldwide sleep patterns and problems during adolescence: a review and meta-analysis of age region and sleep. Sleep Medicine, 12(2), 110-118. Hagenauer, M. H., Perryman, J. I., Lee, T. M. Carskadon, M. A. (2009). Adolescent changes in the homeostatic and circadian regulation of sleep. Developmental Neuroscience, 31(4), 276-284. Jackson, M. L., Stough, C., Howard, M. E., Spong, J., Downey, L. A., Thompson, B. (2011). The contribution of fatigue and sleepiness to depression in patients attending the sleep laboratory for evaluation of obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep and Breathing 15(3), 439-445. Kripke, D. F., Garfinkel, L., Wingard, D. L., Klauber, M. R., Marler, M.R. (2002). Mortality associated with sleep duration and insomnia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 59(2), 131-136. Matricciani, L., Blunden, S., Tigney, G., Williams, M.T., Olds, T.S. (2013). Childrenà ¢â‚¬â„¢s sleep needs: is there sufficient evidence to recommend optimal sleep for children? Sleep, 36(4), 527-534. Matricciani, L., Olds, T., Petkov, J. (2012). In search of lost sleep: secular trends in the sleep time of school-aged children and adolescents. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 16(3), 203-211 O’Brien, E. M., Mindell, J. A. (2005). Sleep and risk-taking behavior in adolescents. Behav Sleep Med, 3(3), 113–133. Patel, S. R., Hu, F.B. (2008). Short sleep duration and weight gain: a systematic review. Obesity, 16(3), 643-653. Sun Bin, Y., Marshall, N. S., Glozier, N. (2012). Secular trends in adult sleep duration: a systematic review. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 16(3), 223-230. Szklo-Coxe, T., Peppard, P. E., Finn, L. A., Benca, R. M. (2010). Prospective associations of insomnia markers and symptoms with depression. American Journal of Epidemiology, 171(6), 709-720. Turek, F. (2005). The prevailing culture of sleepiness. Sleep, 28(7), 798-799. Van Dongen, H. A., Maisl in, G., Mullington, J. M. Dinges, D. F. (2003). The cumulative cost of additional wakefulness: Dose-response effects on neurobehavioral functions and sleep physiology from chronic sleep restriction and total sleep deprivation. Sleep, 26(2), 117-126. Warner, S., Murray, G., Meyer, D. (2008). Holiday and school-term sleep patterns of Australian adolescents. J Adolesc, 31(5), 595–608. Wolfson, A. R., Carskadon, M. A. (2008). Sleep schedules and daytime functioning in adolescents. Child Dev. 69(4), 875–887. This essay on Relationship between Sleep and Depression in Adolescence was written and submitted by user Davian Reed to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Downloading Music essays

Downloading Music essays Downloading Music: Useful or Harmful? Napster, the original creator of free music shareware over the internet, developed a concept that changed the music industry and the consumption of music forever. Napster enabled users to download music from a certain artist in order for them to hear what the artist sounded like before purchasing the entire compact disc. However, people who downloaded a particular artists entire CD so they would not have to buy it abused this revolutionary concept. While this was not Napster's wish, there was very little they could do to monitor it. The music industry quickly discovered Napster's free distribution of copyrighted material and took them to court. While Napster fought for the relatively new way to obtain music over the internet, the music industry countered them claiming it was wrong to give away music for free and would inevitably cut into the entire music industries profits. How often does a person buy an entire CD just for one song? What is the harm of downloading just one song? Does downloading only one song from a CD even hurt the music industrys profits? These are the types of questions answered in Downloading Music: Who Gets Hurt? by Carlton Vogt, a columnist for the InfoWorld website, written on May 4, 2001. Vogt believes he holds a neutral position in the Napster debate due to "never purchasing music or downloading it off the internet." However, his article seems to support the Napster concept. Vogt states that Napster can actually benefit artists. Due to the fact that users can hear the song, decide if they like it, and then recommend it to friends or buy the artist's next CD themselves. Therefore, furthering album sales. This would not be possible without somehow first being introduced to an artist. Vogt deems that not purchasing a CD in a store because you are unfamiliar with the artist actually ...

It Week8 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

It Week8 - Assignment Example However, the old network, IPv4, cannot be done away with until the transition period is complete (Venkata et al., 2012). The benefits that IPv6 offers surpass the limitations that IPv4 has. For instance, the new IPv6 makes it possible to have a plethora of IP addresses as opposed to IPv4. The burgeoning protocol has 128 bit addresses as compared to IPv4, which only has 32 bit addresses. The bit addresses that IPv6 uses enable the availability of numerous IP addresses. In addition to this, IPv6 eradicates the need for network address translation (NAT) which is present in IPv4 resulting in better peer-peer networks connectivity. Further, IPv4 presents security issues, which IPv6 eliminates as it promotes interoperability between myriad implementations (Venkata et al., 2012). Venkata, P., Reddy, P., Mohammed, K., Ali, I., Sandeep, B., & Ravi, T. (2012). Importance and benefits of IPV6 over IPV4†¯: a study. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 2(12), 1-2. Data Definition Language (DDL) refers to statements that define the schema or database structure. For instance, CREATE – creates objects, ALTER – alters the database structure, DROP – deletes objects, COMMENT – adds comments to the dictionary of date, and RENAME – Renames database objects. DML refers to Data Manipulation Language, which are simply statements that manage data within schematic objects. For instance, SELECT – helps in retrieving data, UPDATE – updates data already present in a table, and CALL – Calls Java or PL/SQL. Data Control Language (DCL) includes commands such as GRANT. It mostly deals with permissions, rights, and additional controls of the database. SQL Server 2012 relies on the above SQL commands for interaction. Transact-SQL presents as central in sending and receiving communication with the SQL server (Microsoft, 2006). Distributed File System (DFS) enables administrators to make a group of shared

Summary and reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summary and reflection - Essay Example Even though the topic of the film was a contentious one, I found the movie to be insightful because I never considered some things to be racist. The most common one of these is when the white police officer manhandles a black woman on the pretext of possible drug use. There are many things in our daily lives that we do not recognize as being racist, even though many times they are. I most identified with Cameron, the husband of the black woman who was strip-searched, because he had to face a difficult dilemma. On the one hand, he could have prevented the police officer from assaulting his wife. The likely outcome would have been that he would be arrested. But, what he actually did was nothing at all. I would have done the same as him because police officers have the authority to do anything that they want because they are the law. I think that the director could have focused less on the divisions between white and black people because there are also many other cultures that can be racist. The characters in the movie were very stereotypical and I do not think that this helps ongoing racial

Negative mass media influence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Negative mass media influence - Essay Example The more mass media resources we have, the more needed information we can receive. New resources of mass media appear every day and the old ones are developing to help us receive important information any time we need. On the other hand, the negative influence of mass media is obvious as the promotion of violence takes place very often. Such a promotion prevents people from normal development and influences negatively the individuals’ behavior in the society. Now mass media imposes a great influence on people. Actually, we can’t hide from this influence as mass media penetrates all the areas of life. Furthermore, the development of the modern culture is closely connected to mass media because the role of mass media in the formation of people’s views is very important. In this view the impact of mass media may be very negative as we can see much violence on TV or in newspapers (Bagdikian, 2000). The influence of mass media on people is increasing and the number of negative consequences of this influence is also growing dramatically. It is no need to mention that violence damages psychological development of people as the cruelty people see in films or read about in newspapers causes aggressiveness. In any case the violence in media negatively influences the development of children and spoils our future generations.... TV producers, network executives, motion picture companies and others in the media deny any impact of their programs on the attitudes and actions of youth† (Effects of Mass Media on Young Generation). When people frequently meet violence in media, they get used to it. It happens inevitably and the process is gradually affecting people’s psychology. Slowly but surely violence becomes something like everyday issue, people start to perceive it as something normal at the same time as violence certainly represents an abnormal and awful phenomenon. It causes aggressive behavior that is also already treated as a norm by many people in the modern society (Josephson, 1995). The main problem is that mass media contributes to positive perception of violent acts that is absolutely unacceptable. Jarred explains: â€Å"There are those who believe that violent programs contribute less to violence in society than do other recognized elements. The media in general has been identified as portraying lifestyles that are beyond the means of many people, particularly for those who are unemployed. Such lifestyle portrayals are seen by some as being more likely to encourage violence and crime than violent television programming by encouraging materialistic attitudes and a reduced intolerance to delays in attaining a desired lifestyle. Even media coverage of unemployment and homelessness is viewed as engendering feelings of hopelessness and bitterness that can result in anti-social behaviour† (Jarred, 2001, p.28) There is such a term as â€Å"happy violence† that was generated as a result of violence promotion. Such violence seems to be humorous and funny and this results in increasing of number of violent acts in real life. Under the influence people can’t control their