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Madeline Hearons Introduction to Philosophy Dr. Butterfield 9 March 2014 The Problem of Evil â€Å"The problem of evil† has been a controversial topic for not only philosophers, but also people of different faiths all over the world. The problem of evil poses the questions that if there is a higher power, a perfect God, how can that higher power allow such evils to occur in this world? How could this perfect God create such evils in the world? How could he allow such suffering? As these questions have been asked, many philosophers have different thoughts and opinions on what kind of higher power really exists, and how evil can come from such a perfect and loving God. The example I have chosen poses the question of whether or not a perfect higher power really does exist. If a perfect God has created this world, why would he include evil? After researching different philosophers and their different views on the problem of evil, Gottfried Leibniz stuck out to me. I found comparing our views very interesting. The problem of evil proves contradiction in religious philosophy, that a perfect God may or may not exist (Pecornio, 1). If a perfect God exists, why would he put evil into our world and promote suffering? Some philosophers have argued that this suffering is consequence for our own sins. If you willingly choose a path of evil, then evil will present itself onto you. An example of this would be that if you know smoking is bad and can cause lung cancer, and you still choose to smoke, you â€Å"deserve† the evil consequence of getting lung cancer (Beebe, 1). The problem of evil pinpoints two types of evil: moral evil and natural evil. Moral evil is a type of evil that is caused by mankind itself, such as murder, abuse, and sexual... ...t mean that a God does not exist, but one that all knows, all-powerful, and all present does not exist. The Logical Problem of Evil explains this, going against Leibniz and his beliefs, but supports my example. I believe that Leibniz argument in persuasive and have some very valid points. In conclusion to the problem of evil, I think that your beliefs will lead you to follow a certain view on this topic. I also believe that you do not have to choose one certain side, that this topic is not black and white. The problem of evil can really make you think about the troubles of the world, and what the reason and cause for suffering is. Who do you believe is responsible? Is it a higher power, or your own actions that make these things happen? Religious views may lead you to believe one idea, but your logical sense may lead you to believe something completely different.

Hamlet Theme of Appearance vs. Reality Essay

Shakespeare examines the theme of appearance and reality in his book-Hamlet. The dilemma of what is â€Å"real† is established at the very beginning of the play. Hamlet doesn’t know what to believe and devises a plan to find out. The old king Hamlet appears to be bitten by a snake, but in reality he was poisoned, the ghost appears as an apparition, but it’s actually real, and the play-with-in-a-play strongly depicts the theme of appearance vs. reality. The dead King appears to have been bitten by a snake. In reality, he has been poisoned. Everyone believes that the king died from snakebite, but once Hamlet knows the truth he is unsettled by the revelation. When Hamlet’s dead father directs his son to, â€Å"Avenge him of his foul and most unnatural murder† (1. 5. 25), Hamlet’s response shows determination to act and a curiosity to know all the facts surrounding the murder: (1. 5. 29-31) â€Å"Haste me to know’t, that I, with wings as swift, as meditation or the thoughts of love may sweep to my revenge. † Hamlet’s choice of image is significant here. A person who wants to take revenge rarely has â€Å"thoughts of love† but only concentrates upon thoughts of revenge, but Hamlet’s thirst for revenge is immediate and deep. Shakespeare also develops the theme of appearance vs. reality when Hamlet resents his mother’s insinuation that he is putting on a show of being grief-stricken. Strangely, he is the only one in the family who is truly mourning his father’s death. He replies that all outwardly signs of his grief, such as his black cloak of mourning, his tears, and his sighs, are mere appearances, not even close to the depth of the real grief in his heart (1. 2. 70-80). This theme of appearance vs. reality will play an important part in the entire play. Another example of appearance vs. reality is the Ghost that appears as an apparition from the depths of hell, when actually he is the medium of reality, revealing the facts to Hamlet. The ghost tells Hamlet that his father was murdered, â€Å"Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder† (1. 5. 25). Since Hamlet doubts the sincerity of the Ghost’s revelation, he decides to put on the appearance of being mad to see if this is true, â€Å"I’ll wipe away all trivial records ? and they commandment all alone shall live† (1. 5. 99-102). Hamlet’s decision to simulate madness as a means of enacting his revenge is important. The news that Hamlet received about his father and his mother could drive anyone insane. As a result, the line between appearance and reality becomes notably distorted as the play progresses. Guildernstern says in Act 3 lines7-9, â€Å"But with a crafty madness keeps aloof when we would bring him on to some confession of this true state. † At times it also seems that Hamlet’s appearance of madness has become a reality, (3. 1. 201-203) â€Å"You should not have believed me, for virtue cannot so inoculate our old stock but we shall relish of it. I loved you not. † Hamlet loved Ophelia so this is definitely not true, but during the course of the play, his madness seems so genuine that one wonders if he is acting. The most obvious symbol of ? appearance vs. reality’ is the play-within-a-play. The actors appear onstage and act out the events that actually happened in reality. Hamlet has carefully orchestrated this play so that he can gauge the degree of reality by Claudius’ reaction, â€Å"For murder, though it have no tongue will speak with most miraculous organ? Before mine uncle I’ll observe his looks? If ? a do blench, I’ll know my course† (2. 2. 605-610). Besides furthering the plot of Hamlet, the play-within-a-play also again develops the theme of appearance vs. reality. The fictional drama being presented before the King is a parallel to the past reality of the King, and will serve to shape the future reality of the King and several other characters. Hamlet, as director of this great deception on stage, cautions the players not to exaggerate their expressions and emotions, stating that only uncivilized â€Å"groundlings† (3. 2. 10-11) are impressed by excessive over-acting. In Act II, Scene 2, Hamlet had asked the players to give a passionate presentation of the killing of Priam by Pyrrhus. Now he specifically instructs the players to â€Å"beget a temperance† in the â€Å"whirlwind of passion† in order to give it â€Å"smoothness† (3. 2. 1-9). He tells them that the aim of the play is to hold â€Å"the mirror up to nature,†(3. 2. 23-25) saying that the representation of action should be a realistic reflection of life, with moderation as the keynote (3. 2. 1-45). Hamlet’s advice to the players is important, because it reveals his state of mind before the staging of the play indicating that Hamlet’s own mind has finally reached a reasoned balance. In summary, the theme of appearance vs.reality is so well developed that everything in the play must be questioned, for nothing appears certain. Hamlet doesn’t know who is telling the truth because of the appearance of some things. Hamlet lives in a reality that appears to be true, but appearances can be deceiving. Hamlet learned that reality is completely different from appearance. The old king Hamlet appears to be bitten by a snake, but in reality he was poisoned, the ghost appears as an apparition, but it’s actually real, and the play-with-in-a-play strongly depicts the theme of appearance vs. reality.

William Henry Gates V. Gates - 1771 Words

William Henry Gates III (1955-Present) Introduction William Henry Gates (AKA Bill Gates) founded the world’s largest software company, Microsoft, which helped make the development of computers which added them to our daily life. Early Life William Henry Gates III (AKA Bill Gates) was born in Seattle, Washington 27th October 1955 shortly after 9:00PM. Bill Gates’ parents were named William Henry Gates, Sr. and Mary Maxwell Gates. As a child his parents called him ‘Trey’. Bill Gates lived with two sisters: Kristianne who is older, and Libby, who is younger. Bill Gates was educated at Harvard College from 1973-1975 before this he was at Lakeside School from 1967-1973. At the age of 13 Bill Gates was interested in the programming language BASIC (Beginners All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) with this programming language he created Tic-Tac-Toe where you could verse the computer. He created this for his classmates at Lakeside School. A PDP-10 belonging to the Computer Centre Corporation (CCC) banned four school students Gates, Paul Allen, Rick Wieland, and Kent Evans for the summer because they were exploiting bugs in the Operating System to obtain free computer time. At the end of the ban from the computer, the four students offered to find bugs in the CCC’s Operating System in exchange for computer time. Early Career Gates enrolled in Harvard University originally wanting to have a career in law but he spent more time in the computer lab than in class. GatesShow MoreRelatedKing Henry V Character Analysis773 Words   |  4 PagesIn Shakespeare’s Henry V, King Henry V, has multiple personas to certain characters in the book to gain the French throne. He justifies his right to the French throne by being in the maiden family line of France. Henry’s role playing is for the purpose of gaining the French throne. 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Voice Recorder, By Charlie Victor - 1203 Words

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Cost Behavior Analysis - 1472 Words

Types of Costs by Behavior Cost behavior refers to the way different types of production costs change when there is a change in level of production. There are three main types of costs according to their behavior: Fixed Costs: Fixed costs are those which do not change with the level of activity within the relevant range. These costs will incur even if no units are produced. For example rent expense, straight-line depreciation expense, etc. Fixed cost per unit decreases with increase in production. 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Economic Performance and Policies Implications

Question: Discuss about the Economic Performance and Policies Implications. Answer: Introduction: Today, Russia is at the forefront of FDI growth. For years now, FDIs have been a significant source of foreign capital and funds for the Russian economy. Since 2013, Russia has been a lucrative investment destination that attracts investors from all over the world. During this year, the country was ranked at position six, as the most attractive destination for FDI (Overview 2016). Additionally, the hospitality industry is fast-growing. Particularly, the travel and tourism industry continue to see substantial growth. As a result, investors are focusing more on Russias hospitality industry. The Economic Environment in Russia The Russian economy is dynamic fast growing. Primarily, this is because the countrys strong scientific background provides excellent opportunities for research and development partnerships. There is also a large consumer market in the country. As such, Russia is capable of providing a vibrant internal market for foreign companies, thereby assuring attractive growth potential for firms. What is more, investment in the Russian economy is strongly supported by the federal and regional governments through initiatives such as the Foreign Investment Advisory Council. Also, the country has an attractive taxation system. Currently, the personal income tax is 13 percent. On the other hand, the corporate tax rate is 20 percent while the sales tax is 18 percent. In addition, there is an attractive non-offshore tax regime that aims at enhancing the level of investment in the country. Regardless, the Russian economy is associated with high costs of investments. This is As such, the cost of materializing FDI in the country is higher than the world average. Furthermore, there are low credit ratings in the country amidst high risks. Additionally, the economy is associated with low rates of return. As a result, this discourages investors from injecting their funds into the country for fear of low profitability. Political Environment As at now, the country boasts a politically stable system with long periods of prudent social and political policies. However, doing business in the country is subject to political, administrative and legislative issues (Tarr Volchkova 2010). Particularly, the regulations are burdensome as the system is associated with hefty bureaucratic obstacles and inconsistent enforcement of regulations. In addition, the level of corruption in the country is too high (Nichol 2014). Furthermore, there are deficiencies in the legislative environment. In turn, this limits the countrys potential for FDI (Tarr Volchkova 2010). Recommendations The Russian government should strive to reduce administrative barriers in the country. Mainly, this can be achieved through minimizing bureaucracies and increasing the levels of transparency of business regulations (Investment 2010). Additionally, effective policies should be instigated to curb the high corruption rates in the country to attract foreign investments (FDI Policy 2010). The federal authority should also work out a plan to reduce the high costs associated with investing in the country. Furthermore, it should implement an effective cooperation mechanism between local and foreign firms in order to reap the benefits of FDI in the country. Reference List Cooper, W 2009, Russias Economic Performance and Policies and Their Implications for the United States, Congressional Research Service, retrieved 13 January 2017, https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL34512.pdf Economy Freedom, 2016, Russia, retrieved 13 January 2017, https://www.heritage.org/index/country/russia Economy Watch, 2010, Foreign Direct Investment Policy, retrieved 13 January 2017, https://www.economywatch.com/policywatch/fdi-policy.htm Global Trade, 2010, Investment Climate in Russia, retrieved 13 January 2017, https://www.globaltrade.net/f/business/text/Russia/Investing-Investment-Climate-in-Russia.html Nichol, J 2014, Russian Political, Economic, and Security Issues and U.S. Interests, Congressional Research Service, retrieved 13 January 2017, https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33407.pdf Tarr, D, Volchkova, N 2010, Russian Trade and Foreign Direct Investment Policy at the Crossroads, The World Bank Development Research Group, retrieved 13 January 2017, https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33407.pdf Trading Economics, 2017, Russia Foreign Direct Investment - Net Flows, retrieved 13 January 2017, Russia Foreign Direct Investment - Net Flows World Bank, 2017, Overview-Russia, retrieved 13 January 2017, https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/russia/overview

When China Ruled The Sea Essays - Treasure Voyages, Encyclopedists

When China Ruled The Sea Book Review For When China Ruled The Seas Introduction When China Ruled The Seas, is a book that provides the reader with many historical facts and ideas about China from as early as The Yi People, in 4,000 B.C., to a temple to Zheng He, that was built in 1795. Although the novel has many points in history, one would agree that it mostly concentrated on the events around the 14th century, to the late 15th century. It is obvious to the reader that China became a world power house due to their trading abilities not amongst themselves, but amongst other empires across the seas. It was definitely not easy for the Chinese to form a powerful trading empire like they did, simply because of the fact that the change in emperors also caused many changes in ideas and theory. A couple of emperors that believed in Confuciuss philosophies of isolation messed up the strong Chinese trading structure that emperors such as Zhu Di built up. Some may even say due to those emperors that disagreed with benefits of trade, China began to look a bit weak, and le ss prestigious than what it should have been, which caused Europe to rise to dominance. The book also helps us put together the fact that China was really the most powerful empire much before any European empire which really is important for one to understand. Overall China had an extremely powerful trading empire and they raised the bar for future empires to come. Discussion Before we can understand how China became less prestigious from lack of trade, Levathes in the first few chapters explains to us how China became a world strength through trade. The book starts off with explaining to us how early Chinese seafarers were really advanced in their forms of traveling. The book states that, The seamanship of the early southeast Asians was so remarkable that they were able to cross the six-thousand-mile expanse of the Indian Ocean to settle Madagascar off the East African coast. (Levathes 25) Later on the same page Levathes, states that they also, crossed the Pacific, landing in Central and South America. It is extremely important that as readers we understand that Asia has sailed all over the world far before any Europeans. It is also important that we get that this is one huge leap in globalization for China. Zhu Yuanzhang was the first Emperor of the Ming Dynasty, he ruled until his death in 1398. After his death his grandson Zhu Yunwen, took the crown. Zhu Yuanzhang had 26 sons, but he left behind rules that didnt allow any of his sons to take the crown, so his grandson took the throne. This didnt sit well with Zhu Di, (a son of Zhu Yuanzhang) so as a result Zuh Di, when given the chance took arms against Zhu Yunwen and led the rebellion to take the throne that he believed was rightfully his. Zhu Di taking the crown turned out to be good news for China because Zhu Di was all about trade. One year after he took the throne, he began working on making trade-ships, warships and many other vessels, he wanted to raise the bar for trading in China, because it was drained for resources due to the long civil war (Levathes 74). Zhu Di put together the Treasure Fleet, this was extremely big for the Chinese in many ways and was the start of China becoming a world power house through trade. It also was another big leap towards globalization. One may find it extremely impressive how the Chinese built these ships in the treasure fleet. On page 77 of Levathes When China Ruled The Seas. Levathes touches on the topic of how they would build the bulkheads on the ship and how theyd take their time making sure it was stronger than a rock. This idea of how the Chinese were putting together a fleet of treasure ships may help one to understand that they werent to be taken lightly. They understood the needed resources, specifically from foreign land. To help one understand how serious the Chinese were about building their trading ships I would like to use some